Open data: JENDELA 4G tiles, NADMA incidents, SRTM terrain, ERA5 monsoon rainfall, HDX population
Malaysia's 4G coverage gaps, district by district, and where climate risk hits them
2.15M people live in the other 9.8%, 1.53M of them in Sabah and Sarawak.
Where the network must grow, and where it must survive: every polling district in all 16 states and federal territories, scored two ways. EXTEND ranks people living in 4G holes, weighted by forward flood and landslide hazard. HARDEN ranks served districts whose towers face the highest climate stress. One method at national scale, fully reproducible.
Data vintage: JENDELA coverage tiles, NADMA incidents and ERA5 hazard as scored on , against 24,642 MCMC sites. How this is built
Coverage falls from west to east
Mean 4G area coverage per district (~500 m polygon grid, not centroids).
Kuala Lumpur 100.0%Putrajaya 100.0%Pulau Pinang 99.4%Melaka 99.3%Perlis 98.8%Selangor 98.0%Kedah 97.2%Johor 96.4%Negeri Sembilan 94.7%Perak 93.9%Terengganu 93.3%Kelantan 92.1%Labuan 88.2%Pahang 84.7%Sabah 72.6%Sarawak 70.8%Where the underserved actually live
People × share of their district lacking 4G. Borneo uses the HDX 2020 population.
Sabah 840kSarawak 691kPahang 149kPerak 105kKelantan 82.8kSelangor 62.8kTerengganu 61.4kJohor 60.6kKedah 39.4kNegeri Sembilan 35.3kLabuan 10.1kPulau Pinang 5.37kMelaka 4.04kPerlis 2.63kKuala Lumpur 0Putrajaya 0Three findings the national averages hide
Borneo is the national coverage frontier
967 of 1,743 gap districts and 1.53M of 2.15M underserved people are in Sabah and Sarawak, measured by area and weighted by real census population.
Incident history is blind exactly where it matters
Recorded incidents give Sarawak's gap districts almost no risk (3 of 547). Forward terrain and monsoon-rainfall hazard lift that to 327. Without the forward layers, the highest-need half of the country reads as risk-free.
In Pahang, EXTEND and HARDEN are the same investment
34 gap districts are also incident-flood districts — coverage builds and flood hardening converge on the Kuantan belt, the same districts NADMA's December 2025 restore-first list ranks first. See the war room.
Need a cut of the grid?
A district list for a tender zone, one operator's footprint, or a state's HARDEN queue before the monsoon. Say what you need and we will send the rows.
Email admin@analitik.myThree questions this grid gets asked
- Why 90.2% when MCMC says about 97%?
- Both are right; they divide by different things. MCMC's JENDELA figure is population coverage — the share of people in covered places. 90.2% is the mean share of district area with 4G. They diverge where people cluster in a small part of a large district, which is most of Borneo. Area is the better denominator for deciding where to build next. Read the method.
- What is a polling district?
- The daerah mengundi (DM): the smallest published administrative geography in Malaysia, nested inside a state constituency and a parliamentary seat. There are 7,748 of them, each small enough to be a sensible place to send a crew. Read the method.
- How is "underserved" counted?
- A district is a coverage gap when at least 10% of its area lacks 4G — 1,743 of 7,748 clear that threshold. Underserved is area-weighted: each district contributes its uncovered share of its own population, not all-or-nothing. That gives 2.15M people nationwide, 1.53M of them in Sabah and Sarawak. Read the method.